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''Gymnosporia heterophylla'' (Common Spike-thorn) is a small, hardy, deciduous African tree up to 5m tall, occurring in rocky places with a wide distribution from Ethiopia, the Sudan and the Congo, south to the Cape Province and west to Angola and Namibia, as well as the neighbouring islands of Madagascar and Saint Helena, with a closely related species from Mauritius. It has a straggly, but rigid habit and is armed with sharp straight thorns up to 100mm long, which are modified branches. Bark on the mature trunk is grey-brown and deeply fissured. The tree is dioecious, and clusters of white flowers are produced in profusion in spring and are borne on thicker twigs and branches. The flowers have a fetid, faecal smell and attract large numbers of pollinating insects, particularly carrion-loving flies such as members of the family Calliphoridae. The tree has a close relationship with a number of cicada species, such as ''Platypleura divisa'', ''P. mijburghi'' and ''P. maytenophila''.〔(A.F. and Phillips, P.K. and Villet, M.H. (2003) Thermal responses in some Eastern Cape African Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae). Journal of Thermal Biology, 28 (4). pp. 347-351. ISSN 0306-4565. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/370/ )〕 The specific name "heterophylla" means "variable leaves" and if the list of past synonyms is examined, it affords an interesting insight into the minds of botanists since 1753 when Linnaeus decided that the leaves reminded him of boxwood and named it ''Celastrus buxifolius''. Since then it has been named ''ellipticus, heterophyllus, spathephyllus, empleurifolius, rhombifolius, parvifolius and buxifolioides'' - it would seem that the epithet ''heterophylla'' is appropriate.〔(Aluka )〕 It makes a very effective, fast-growing security hedge. The wood is hard and durable, suitable for carving, though large pieces are not often available. ==Pictures== File:Maytenus heterophylla00.jpg File:Maytenus heterophylla01.jpg 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gymnosporia heterophylla」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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